Preparation of solid acid catalyst from rice husk char and its catalytic performance in esterification

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60634-2

Abstract

Abstract:

A sulfonated carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared by sulfonating rice husk char with concentrated sulfuric acid. The as-prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultimate analysis, specific surface area analysis, and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry. The effects of the sulfonation temperature and time on the catalytic performance were investigated using the esterification of oleic acid and methanol as the probe reaction. The effects of the reaction conditions on the esterification catalyzed by sulfonated rice husk char were also studied. The stability of the catalyst was examined. The results showed that 90℃ and 0.25 h were suitable sulfonation temperature and time, respectively. The catalyst prepared under these conditions had an amorphous carbon structure with a sulfonic group concentration of 0.7 mmol/g. It exhibited high catalytic performance. The conversion of oleic acid was 98.7% under the optimal reaction conditions with a catalyst amount of 5%, a methanol to oleic acid molar ratio of 4:1, and a reaction temperature and time of 110℃ and 2 h, respectively. The esterification conversion still reached 96.0% after seven cycles of successive reuse, which indicated that the catalyst stability was excellent.

Key words: Rice husk char, Solid acid catalyst, Biodiesel, Esterification

Ming Li, Dengyu Chen, Xifeng Zhu. Preparation of solid acid catalyst from rice husk char and its catalytic performance in esterification[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2013, 34(9): 1674-1682.

×
share this article

Add to citation manager EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60634-2

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2013/V34/I9/1674

References

[1] Peng B X, Shu Q, Wang J F, Wang G R, Wang D Z, Han M H. Process Saf Environ Prot, 2008, 86: 441
[2] Semwal S, Arora A K, Badoni R P, Tuli D K. Bioresour Technol, 2011, 102: 2151
[3] Dehkhoda A M, West A H, Ellis N. Appl Catal A, 2010, 382: 197
[4] Lou W Y, Zong M H, Duan Z Q. Bioresour Technol, 2008, 99: 8752
[5] Zong M H, Duan Z Q, Lou W Y, Smith T J, Wu H. Green Chem, 2007, 9: 434
[6] Shu Q, Nawaz Z, Gao J X, Liao Y H, Zhang Q, Wang D Z, Wang J F. Bioresour Technol, 2010, 101: 5374
[7] Math M C, Kumar S P, Chetty S V. Energy Sustainable Dev, 2010, 14: 339
[8] Ren L G, Yu J W, Zhang X L, Gao W Y. Petroleum Process Petroleum (任立国, 余济伟, 张晓丽, 高文艺. 石油炼制与化工), 2009, 40(5): 38
[9] Zhang Y, Dube M A, McLean D D, Kates M. Bioresour Technol, 2003, 90: 229
[10] Jacobson K, Gopinath R, Meher L C, Dalai A K. Appl Catal B, 2008, 85: 86
[11] Geng L, Wang Y, Yu G, Zhu Y X. Catal Commun, 2011, 13: 26
[12] Toda M, Takagaki A, Okamura M, Kondo J N, Hayashi S, Domen K, Hara M. Nature, 2005, 438: 178
[13] Hara M, Yoshida T, Takagaki A, Takata T, Kondo J N, Hayashi S, Domen K. Angew Chem Int Ed, 2004, 43: 2955
[14] Mo X H, López D E, Suwannakarn K, Liu Y J, Lotero E, Goodwin J G Jr, Lu C Q. J Catal, 2008, 254: 332
[15] Mo X H, Lotero E, Lu C Q, Liu Y J, Goodwin J G Jr. Catal Lett, 2008, 123: 1
[16] Wu R N, Wang T H, Xiu Z L, Guo F, Pan Y Q, Yin J Z. Chin J Catal (乌日娜, 王同华, 修志龙, 郭峰, 潘艳秋, 银建中. 催化学报), 2009, 30: 1203
[17] Okamura M, Takagaki A, Toda M, Kondo J N, Domen K, Tatsumi T, Hara M, Hayashi S. Chem Mater, 2006, 18: 3039
[18] Takagaki A, Toda M, Okamura M, Kondo J N, Hayashi S, Domen K, Hara M. Catal Today, 2006, 116: 157
[19] Chen G, Fang B S. Bioresour Technol, 2011, 102: 2635
[20] Lou W Y, Cai J, Duan Z Q, Zong M H. Chin J Catal (娄文勇, 蔡俊, 段章群, 宗敏华. 催化学报), 2011, 32: 1755
[21] Kastner J R, Miller J, Geller D P, Locklin J, Keith L H, Johnson T. Catal Today, 2012, 190: 122
[22] Mohan D, Pittman C U Jr, Steele P H. Energy Fuels, 2006, 20: 848
[23] Benak K R, Dominguez L, Economy J, Mangun C L. Carbon, 2002, 40: 2323
[24] Zhao Y, Feng H S, Xie J X, Shen J Y. Chin J Catal (赵鹬, 冯宏枢, 谢建新, 沈俭一. 催化学报), 2011, 32: 688
[25] Wang Y, Ou S Y, Liu P Z, Zhang Z S. Energy Convers Manage, 2007, 48: 184
[26] Wang S J. Carbon Tech (汪树军. 炭素技术), 2000, (6): 8
[27] Marchetti J M, Miguel V U, Errazu A F. Fuel Process Technol, 2008, 89: 740