Effect of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic H2O2-production activity of ZnO nanorods

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63832-9

Abstract

Abstract:

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) production from O₂ and H₂O is an ideal process for solar-to-chemical energy conversion. Herein, ZnO nanorods are prepared via a simple hydrothermal method for photocatalytic H₂O₂ production. The ZnO nanorods exhibit varied performance with different calcination temperatures. Benefiting from calcination, the separation efficiency of photo-induced carriers is significantly improved, leading to the superior photocatalytic activity for H₂O₂ production. The H₂O₂ produced by ZnO calcined at 300 °C is 285 μmol L ^-1, which is over 5 times larger than that produced by untreated ZnO. This work provides an insight into photocatalytic H₂O₂ production mechanism by ZnO nanorods, and presents a promising strategy to H₂O₂ production.

Key words: Photocatalysis, Hydrogen peroxide production, ZnO nanorod, Calcination temperature, Oxygen reduction

Zicong Jiang, Yong Zhang, Liuyang Zhang, Bei Cheng, Linxi Wang. Effect of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic H₂O₂-production activity of ZnO nanorods[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(2): 226-233.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63832-9

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I2/226

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1. FESEM (a), TEM (b), HRTEM (c) images and corresponding SAED pattern (d) of Zn300.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns of ZnO nanorods calcined by different temperatures.

Fig. 3. UV-vis diffuse reflection spectra (a) and EPR patterns (b) of ZnO nanorods calcined at different temperatures.

Table 1 Effects of calcination temperatures on physical properties of ZnO nanorods.

Sample	Calcination temperature (°C)	Relative crystallinity	A_BET (m² g^-1)
Zn90	untreated	1	3.0
Zn200	200	1.1	2.7
Zn300	300	1.1	2.3
Zn400	400	1.2	2.6
Zn500	500	1.3	3.4

Fig. 4. (a) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms of samples under standard temperature and pressure; (b) Thermogravimetry curve of ZnO nanorods in air.

Fig. 5. (a) Photocatalytic H2O2 production over different samples; (b) Photocatalytic decomposition of H2O2 over different samples after 1 h of irradiation; (c) Kf and Kd for photocatalytic H2O2 production; (d) The cyclic stability test of ZnO nanorods calcined at 300 °C.

Table 2 Comparison with other photocatalysts for H2O2 production.

photocatalyst	Reaction solution	Light source	H₂O₂ production activity (μmol g^-1 h^-1)	Ref.
Ag@U-CN-NS	water	300 W XL	67.50	[64]
C,O doped CN	water	300 W XL	32.00	[65]
CN/rGO@BPQDs	water	300 W XL	60.56	[66]
AQ-a-CN	10 vol% PP	AM 1.5	361	[6]
DCN	20 vol% IPA	AM 1.5	96.8	[67]
ACN	10 vol% IPA	300 W XL	174	[63]
SN-GQD/TiO₂	PE (10 mg/L)	500 W XL	902	[68]
ZnO nanorods	10 vol% EA	300 W XL	570	This work

Fig. 6. Transient photocurrent response (a) and Nyquist plots (b) of EIS over different samples.

Table 3 The fitted parameters obtained from decay curves over different samples.

Sample	τ₁ (ns) (Rel. %)	τ₂ (ns) (Rel. %)	τ_A (ns)
Zn90	1.75 (21.79)	20.44 (78.21)	16.37
Zn200	2.02 (26.16)	20.18 (73.84)	15.43
Zn300	3.12 (19.51)	23.61 (80.49)	19.61
Zn400	0.35 (8.11)	17.62 (91.89)	16.21
Zn500	0.23 (28.43)	20.62 (71.57)	14.88

Fig. 7. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra over Zn90 and Zn300.

Fig. 8. EPR spectra recorded for •O2- over the Zn90 and Zn300 under the dark and Xe lamp irradiation for 5 min.

Fig. 9. (a) Mott-Schottky plots of Zn300 at the frequency of 1000, 2000 and 3000 Hz; (b) The possible mechanism for photocatalytic H2O2 production in ZnO nanorods.

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Effect of calcination temperatures on photocatalytic H₂O₂-production activity of ZnO nanorods

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