Efficient splitting of alcohols into hydrogen and C-C coupled products over ultrathin Ni-doped ZnIn2S4 nanosheet photocatalyst

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63931-1

Abstract

Abstract:

Integrating selective organic synthesis with hydrogen (H₂) evolution in one photocatalytic redox reaction system sheds light on the underlying approach for concurrent employment of photogenerated electrons and holes towards efficient production of solar fuels and chemicals. In this work, a facile one-pot oil bath method has been proposed to fabricate a noble metal-free ultrathin Ni-doped ZnIn₂S₄ (ZIS/Ni) composite nanosheet for effective solar-driven selective dehydrocoupling of benzyl alcohol into value-added C-C coupled hydrobenzoin and H₂ fuel, which exhibits higher performance than pure ZIS nanosheet. The remarkably improved photoredox activity of ZIS/Ni is mainly attributed to the optimized electron structure featuring narrower band gap and suitable energy band position, which facilitates the ability of light harvesting and photoexcited charge carrier separation and transfer. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that it is feasible to employ ZIS/Ni for various aromatic alcohols dehydrocoupling to the corresponding C-C coupled products. It is expected that this work can stimulate further interest on the establishment of innovative photocatalytic redox platform coupling clean solar fuels synthesis and selective organic conversion in a sustainable manner.

Key words: Redox photocatalysis, Ni doping, ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheet, C-C coupling, Hydrogen production

Jing-Yu Li, Ming-Yu Qi, Yi-Jun Xu. Efficient splitting of alcohols into hydrogen and C-C coupled products over ultrathin Ni-doped ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheet photocatalyst[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(4): 1084-1091.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)63931-1

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I4/1084

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1. (a) The schematic illustration for the synthesis of the composite ZIS/Ni NSs via a facile one-pot oil bath method; the SEM images of the pure ZIS NSs (b) and composite ZIS/Ni NSs (c); TEM (d) and HRTEM (e) images of composite ZIS/Ni NSs; (f) the AFM image of ZIS/Ni NSs; (g) The high angle annular dark field (HAADF)-scanning transmission electron microscopy and EDX elemental mapping results of the composite ZIS/Ni NSs. The insets of (e) and (f) are the SAED result and the height profile of composite ZIS/Ni NSs, respectively.

Fig. 2. The XRD patterns (a) and DRS spectra (b) of ultrathin ZIS NSs and ZIS/Ni composite; The high-resolution XPS spectra of Zn 2p (c), In 3d (d), S 2p (e) and Ni 2p (f) of the pure ZIS NSs (bottom) and composite ZIS/Ni NSs (top).

Fig. 3. (a) The illustration for photocatalytic selective oxidation of BA coupling with H2 evolution; (b) The photocatalytic activities of H2 evolution and dehydrocoupling of BA into HB over pure ZIS and ZIS/Nix composites; (c) The conversion of BA and the selectivity to HB over different photocatalysts; Long-time experiments (d) and photocatalytic cyclic tests (e) over ZIS/Ni1 NSs. Reaction conditions: 5 mg photocatalysts in 5 mL CH3CN containing 76.9 μmol BA, irradiation for 2 h.

Table 1 Photocatalytic dehydrocoupling of aromatic alcohols into substituted HB and H2 evolution a.

Entry	-R	H₂ yield (μmol)	Liquid yield (μmol)		Substituted HB selectivity^b(%)	Aromatic alcohols conversion^c(%)	e^-/h^+d
Entry	-R	H₂ yield (μmol)	Substituted HB	By-products	Substituted HB selectivity^b(%)	Aromatic alcohols conversion^c(%)	e^-/h^+d
1	-H	41.9	32.9	0.8	98.5	86.0	1.2
2^e	-H	13.8	16.8	0.6	98.0	46.1	0.8
3^f	-H	19.8	20.5	0.7	97.9	55.6	0.9
4^g	-H	22.5	16.8	7.5	81.8	50.8	0.9
5	-F	32.1	28.5	3.5	93.8	83.5	1.0
6	-Cl	29.1	31.7	0.5	99.2	90.2	0.9
7	-CH₃	37.1	32.6	3.2	95.3	90.4	1.0

Fig. 4. (a) The EPR spectra of pure ZIS and ZIS/Ni1 composites with irradiation for 10 min; (b) The decay curves of photo voltage and electron lifetime of pure ZIS and ZIS/Ni1 composites (see experimental section in supporting information for the calculation formula); The EIS Nyquist plots (c), transient photocurrent responses (d) and time-resolved PL spectra decay curve (e) (λex = 360 nm) of pure ZIS and ZIS/Ni1 composites.

Fig. 5. Illustration of the band structure for ZIS and ZIS/Ni1 composites and the plausible reaction mechanism for photocatalytic selective oxidation of BA coupling with H2 evolution.

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Efficient splitting of alcohols into hydrogen and C-C coupled products over ultrathin Ni-doped ZnIn₂S₄ nanosheet photocatalyst

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