N-doped porous carbon nanofibers inlaid with hollow Co3O4 nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Li-O2 batteries

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64017-2

Abstract

Abstract:

Stable and high-efficiency bifunctional catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are desired for the practical application of Li-O₂ batteries with excellent rate performance and cycle stability. Herein, a novel hybrid bifunctional catalyst with carbon nanofibers inlaid with hollow Co₃O₄ nanoparticles and separate active sites for ORR and OER were prepared and applied in Li-O₂ batteries. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of unique porous structural features and high electrocatalytic activity of hollow Co₃O₄ intimately bound to N-doped carbon nanofibers, the assembled Li-O₂ batteries with novel catalyst exhibited high specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and cycle stability up to 150 cycles under a capacity limitation of 500 mAh g^-1 at a current density of 100 mA g^-1. The facile synthesis and preliminary results in this work show the as-prepared catalyst as a promising bifunctional electrocatalyst for applications in metal-air batteries, fuel cells, and electrocatalysis.

Key words: Li-O₂ batteries, Bifunctional catalyst, Co₃O₄, N-doped carbon nanofibers, Oxygen reduction reaction, Oxygen evolution reaction

Hongbin Chen, Yaqian Ye, Xinzhi Chen, Lili Zhang, Guoxue Liu, Suqing Wang, Liang-Xin Ding. N-doped porous carbon nanofibers inlaid with hollow Co₃O₄ nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Li-O₂ batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2022, 43(6): 1511-1519.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(21)64017-2

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2022/V43/I6/1511

Figures/Tables 8

Scheme 1. Schematic diagram of the fabrication process of H-Co3O4-CNFs.

Fig. 1. (a) XRD patterns of H-Co3O4-CNFs, Co-CNFs and CNFs. (b) TGA curves of H-Co3O4-CNFs measured from 25 to 800 °C under air atmosphere.

Fig. 2. XPS profiles of survey (a), C 1s (b), N 1s (c), and Co 2p (d) for H-Co3O4-CNFs.

Fig. 3. (a) TEM image of H-Co3O4-CNFs and the particle diameter distribution of hollow Co3O4 particles. (b) TEM image of a single H-Co3O4-CNF. (c) HRTEM image of a single hollow Co3O4 nanoparticle. (d) HRTEM image of part of a single hollow Co3O4 nanoparticle, the top-left inset is an enlarged HRTEM image and top-right inset is the corresponding SAED pattern. (e) HRTEM image of partially graphite carbon on the edge of the porous carbon nanofiber. (f) HRTEM image of partially graphitized carbon.

Fig. 4. (a) ORR polarization curves of H-Co3O4-CNFs, CNFs, and commercial Pt/C at a rotating speed of 1600 r/min. (b) OER polarization curves of H-Co3O4-CNFs, CNFs, and commercial Pt/C. All measurements were conducted in 0.1 mol/L KOH aqueous solution at a sweep rate of 5 mV s-1.

Fig. 5. (a) Cyclic voltammogram of Li-O2 batteries with H-Co3O4-CNFs/KB, CNFs/KB, and bare KB in the voltage range of 2.0-4.5 V at a scan rate of 0.2 mV s-1. (b) Initial discharge/charge curves of Li-O2 batteries with H-Co3O4-CNFs/KB, CNFs/KB, and bare KB at a current density of 100 mA g-1; Comparison of discharge capacities (c) and capacity retention rate (d) of Li-O2 batteries with these three catalysts at current densities of 100, 200, 400, and 800 mA g-1. (e) Cyclic performance of Li-O2 batteries under a capacity limitation of 500 mAh g-1 at a current density of 100 mA g-1.

Fig. 6. SEM images of H-Co3O4-CNFs under different charge/discharge situations. (a) The pristine state. (b) Discharge to 500 mAh g-1. (c) Full discharge. (d) Full charge. (e) TEM image of H-Co3O4-CNFs under a full discharge state. (f) HRTEM image of discharge product particle. (g) enlarged HRTEM image of the discharge product. (h) SAED pattern of discharge product.

Fig. 7. Optimized structures of Li2O2 cluster adsorption on a clean C surface (a) and clean Co3O4 (311) surface (b). Li2O2 cluster adsorption on a C site (c) and compound interface (d) of C-modified Co3O4 (311) (green, blue, red, and purple spheres represent the C, Co, O, and Li atoms, respectively).

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N-doped porous carbon nanofibers inlaid with hollow Co₃O₄ nanoparticles as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for rechargeable Li-O₂ batteries

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