Dual co-catalysts Ag/Ti3C2/TiO2 hierarchical flower-like microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64462-6

Abstract

Abstract:

Solar-powered semiconductor photocatalysis is considered a powerful strategy for addressing environmental pollution and energy crisis. Nevertheless, the separation and transfer abilities of photogenerated photocatalysts remain unsatisfactory. Herein, dual Ti₃C₂ nanosheets/Ag co-catalysts synergistically decorated hierarchical flower-like TiO₂ microspheres for boosting photocatalytic H₂ production were fabricated by electrostatic self-assembly and subsequent photoreduction procedures. The optimal Ag/Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ composite demonstrated an excellent photocatalytic H₂-production rate of 1024.72 μmol g^-1 h^-1 under simulated solar irradiation, achieving nearly 40, 2.3, and 1.8 folds with respect to that obtained on pristine TiO₂, optimized Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ composite, and Ag/TiO₂ composite, respectively. The considerably improved photocatalytic H₂-production activity is associated with the synergistic effect of the hierarchical flower-like structure of TiO₂, excellent electrical conductivity of Ti₃C₂, and surface plasmon resonance effect of Ag, which enhances the light absorption capacity and promotes the separation and transfer of photogenerated carriers. This study provides insight into the design of high-efficiency photocatalysts with dual co-catalysts for solar H₂ production.

Key words: Hierarchical flower-like TiO₂, microsphere, Dual co-catalysts, Photocatalysis, Synergistic effect, H₂ production

Defa Liu, Bin Sun, Shuojie Bai, Tingting Gao, Guowei Zhou. Dual co-catalysts Ag/Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ hierarchical flower-like microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic H₂-production activity[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 50: 273-283.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64462-6

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2023/V50/I7/273

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1. Schematic of the formation process of Ag/Ti3C2/TiO2 composites.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns (a,b) and Raman spectra (c,d) of Ti3AlC2, Ti3C2, TiO2, TM-3%, and ATM-2.5%; the magnified Raman spectra in the range of 1200-1800 cm-1 in (d).

Fig. 3. FESEM images of TiO2 (a,b), TM-3% (c,d), and ATM-2.5% (e,f).

Fig. 4. TEM images of TiO2 (a), TM-3% (b), and ATM-2.5% (c). HRTEM images (d,e), EDS spectrum (f), and elemental mappings (g) of Ti, O, C, and Ag of ATM-2.5%.

Fig. 5. High-resolution XPS spectra of Ti 2p (a), O 1s (b), C 1s (c), and Ag 3d (d) of Ti3C2, TM-3%, and ATM-2.5%.

Fig. 6. N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms (a) and corresponding pore size distribution curves (b) of TiO2, Ti3C2, TM-3%, and ATM-2.5%.

Fig. 7. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (a), band gap plots (b), PL spectra (c), TRPL spectra (d), transient photocurrent responses (e), and EIS Nyquist plots (f) of as-prepared samples.

Fig. 8. Photocatalytic H2 production (a) and photocatalytic H2-production rates (b) of as-prepared samples. Recycling test of photocatalytic H2 production over ATM-2.5% (c). AQY (d) of TiO2, TM-3%, and ATM-2.5% at 365 nm.

Fig. 9. Proposed mechanism and energy band structure for photocatalytic H2 production over Ag/Ti3C2/TiO2 composites under simulated solar irradiation.

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Dual co-catalysts Ag/Ti₃C₂/TiO₂ hierarchical flower-like microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic H₂-production activity

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