Enhanced charge transfer over sustainable biochar decorated Bi2WO6 composite photocatalyst for highly efficient water decontamination

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64613-3

Abstract

Abstract:

As a green and efficient technology, photocatalysis has practical application value, especially in terms of remediating environmental contamination issues. Biochar, the carbon material derived from sustainable calcined biomass waste, has attracted attention for its efficient adsorption capacity for pollutants. Herein, nitrogen(N)-doped biochar is prepared from sawdust biomass and dexterously coupled with Bi₂WO₆ to synthesize a range of Bi₂WO₆/N-doped biochar composites (BWO/Nx-BC), which are successfully utilized for photodegradation of chlorpyrifos (CPs). After introducing N atoms, BWO/N3-BC improves conductivity of electrons while maintaining strong adsorption properties, effectively preventing the charge recombination. BWO/N3-BC demonstrates high efficiency in ultrafast photodegradation of recalcitrant pesticides, destroying 99.0% of CPs in only 0.5 h. Besides, the degradation rate constants are 2.91 and 12.13 times higher than those of pure BWO and N3-BC, respectively. Given the complexity of real water environments, the effects of different operating parameters on photocatalytic activity are explored. Free radical scavenging assay and electron paramagnetic resonance are employed to uncover the key active species (•O₂^-, •OH, and h⁺), with •O₂^- being the predominant contributor, and the synergistic enhancement mechanism of adsorption-photodegradation of BWO/N3-BC is successfully revealed. Also, the intermediates of CPs are identified by HPLC-MS, and three possible degradation pathways are proposed. In addition, the ecotoxicity of CPs and their intermediates are evaluated by ecotoxicity test (E. coli culture) and Toxicity Evaluation Software Tool. This work may provide an opening for environmental remediation via photocatalysis integrated with waste biomass high-value valorization.

Key words: Photocatalysis, Biochar, Bi₂WO₆, Chlorpyrifos, Toxicity assessment

Heng Zhou, Rui Zhang, Caiyan Yue, Xu Wu, Qiong Yan, Hao Wang, Heng Zhang, Tianyi Ma. Enhanced charge transfer over sustainable biochar decorated Bi₂WO₆ composite photocatalyst for highly efficient water decontamination[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2024, 59: 169-184.

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URL: https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/10.1016/S1872-2067(23)64613-3

https://www.cjcatal.com/EN/Y2024/V59/I4/169

Figures/Tables 9

Scheme 1. (a) An ideal pathway for photocatalytic degradation of CPs. (b,c) Examples of previous studies for introducing biochar. (d) Introduction of main features of present work.

Scheme 2. Schematic for the preparation procedure of Nx-BC and BWO/Nx-BC.

Fig. 1. SEM of BWO (a), N3-BC (b), and BWO/N3-BC (c). TEM (d), HR-TEM (e), SEAD (f), and elemental mapping (g-l) of BWO/N3-BC.

Fig. 2. XRD patterns (a) and FTIR spectra (b) of BWO, N3-BC, BWO/N1-BC, BWO/N3-BC, and BWO/N5-BC. (c) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms and pore size distribution of BWO, BWO/N3-BC, and N3-BC. (d) Survey XPS spectrum of BWO/N3-BC. XPS spectra of C 1s (e), N 1s (f), O 1s (g), Bi 4f (h), and W 4f (i).

Fig. 3. (a) UV-vis DRS spectra of N3/BC, BWO, and BWO/N3-BC. Tauc plots (b), XPS valence band spectra (c), and band structures (d) of BWO and BWO/N3-BC. PL spectra (e), TRPL spectra (f), transient photocurrent response curves (g), and EIS Nyquist plots (h) of BWO, N3-BC, and BWO/N3-BC. (i) Photocatalytic degradation of CPs.

Fig. 4. (a,b) Degradation performance of different photocatalysts for CPs and the corresponding K values. (c,d) Degradation performance of P25 and BWO/N3-BC for CPs under full spectrum light and the corresponding K values. Effects of different operating parameters on degradation of CPs in BWO/N3-BC photocatalytic system. (e) Catalyst dosage; (f) initial CPs concentration; (g) pH; (h) coexisting anions. (i) BWO/N3-BC repeated cycle degradation of CPs. (j) Active species quenching experiment. ESR spectra for DMPO-?OH (k) and DMPO-?O2- (l) whether in the dark or after the light irradiation for BWO/N3-BC.

Fig. 5. Degradation pathways of CPs using BWO/N3-BC photocatalysts.

Fig. 6. (a) Photographs of E. coli colonies formed on LB-agar plates with the addition of a solution of CPs treated in BWO/N3-BC under visible light irradiation for different times (0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 min), as well as a control (no CPs present). (b) Daphnia magna LC50 (48 h); (c) fathead minnow LC50 (96 h); (d) oral rat LD50; (e) bioaccumulation factor; developmental toxicity (f) and mutagenicity (g) of CPs and degradation products.

Fig. 7. Possible photocatalytic mechanism of CPs degradation by BWO/N3-BC composites.

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Enhanced charge transfer over sustainable biochar decorated Bi₂WO₆ composite photocatalyst for highly efficient water decontamination

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