铂纳米棒有序阵列催化电极在被动式直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61077-4

催化学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1089-1095.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61077-4

铂纳米棒有序阵列催化电极在被动式直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

汪艳林^a,b, 程庆庆^a,b, 袁婷^b, 周毅^b, 张海峰^b, 邹志青^b, 方建慧^a, 杨辉^b

a. 上海大学理学院化学系, 上海 200444;
b. 中国科学院上海高等研究院, 上海 201210

收稿日期:2016-01-28 修回日期:2016-03-03 出版日期:2016-06-17 发布日期:2016-06-17
通讯作者: Jianhui Fang, Hui Yang
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2012CB932800);国家自然科学基金(21533005,21276158,21303243,51506213).

Controllable fabrication of ordered Pt nanorod array as catalytic electrode for passive direct methanol fuel cells

Yanlin Wang^a,b, Qingqing Cheng^a,b, Ting Yuan^b, Yi Zhou^b, Haifeng Zhang^b, Zhiqing Zou^b, Jianhui Fang^a, Hui Yang^b

a. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
b. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China

Received:2016-01-28 Revised:2016-03-03 Online:2016-06-17 Published:2016-06-17
Contact: Jianhui Fang, Hui Yang
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2012CB932800) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21533005, 21276158, 21303243, 51506213).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)具有能量密度高、无需充电、液体燃料添加便捷及环境友好等优点,是新一代便携式移动电源研究热点.DMFC规模应用的主要技术挑战是如何进一步提高电池性能、显著降低成本和可靠延长寿命.催化电极作为DMFC发电核心和成本的集中体现,其电催化活性和贵金属用量直接影响DMFC的性能和成本,开发高性能、低成本的催化电极对推进DMFC实用化进程具有重要意义.特别是在被动式DMFC中,阴极催化电极不仅需要提高电催化活性和大幅降低贵金属用量,而且还面临内部严重的"水淹"和氧传质受限等问题.近年来,随着纳米技术发展,有序纳米结构已逐渐应用于DMFC催化电极的构筑中,电池性能得到显著提高.然而,目前的研究主要集中在膜电极纳米有序微孔层、纳米有序改性膜和纳米有序阳极催化电极及其阳极贵金属载量降低等方面,关于阴极催化电极在有序纳米结构以及载量降低等方面的研究相对较少.本文采用模板法直接在微孔层上电沉积定向生长排列有序、直径可控的铂纳米棒阵列,并作为阴极催化电极应用于被动式DMFC.X射线衍射和透射电镜结果表明,该铂纳米棒结构稳定,表面含有丰富的纳米晶须结构,有利于催化电极比表面积增加和电催化活性提高.不同催化电极上氧还原的极化曲线表明电极性能依下列次序变化:直径为200nm铂纳米棒阵列电极>100nm铂纳米棒阵列电极>商业化铂黑催化电极.电池性能表征表明,长度为1-3μm、直径分别为200和100nm、载量为1.0mg/cm²的铂纳米棒阵列作为阴极催化电极的DMFC最大功率密度分别为17.3和12.0mW/cm².通过催化电极电化学活性面积和阻抗测试,分析其性能提高的原因可归结于有序排列的铂纳米棒阵列结构提高了电化学活性面积、增强了氧还原电催化活性并促进了阴极氧的传质.

关键词: 催化电极, 有序纳米棒, 催化剂利用, 直接甲醇燃料电池

Abstract:

The nanostructure of the catalytic electrode has a great effect on the performance of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs), including catalyst utilization, precious metal loading, water balance, and oxygen mass transfer. In this work, ordered arrays of platinum nanorods with different diameters were directly grown onto microporous layers by electrodeposition via a sacrificial template, and were used as the catalytic cathode for passive DMFCs. The use of these ordered electrodes led to a dramatic decrease in cathode polarization behavior. The maximum power density of passive DMFCs fabricated with catalytic electrodes of 200 and 100 nm Pt nanorod arrays were 17.3 and 12.0 mW/cm², respectively. The obtained improvement in performance was ascribed to the fact that the ordered nanostructured electrode not only increased the electrochemically active surface area and the catalyst utilization, but also enhanced oxygen mass transfer and water balance in the system.

Key words: Catalytic electrode, Ordered nanorod, Catalyst utilization, Direct methanol fuel cell

汪艳林, 程庆庆, 袁婷, 周毅, 张海峰, 邹志青, 方建慧, 杨辉. 铂纳米棒有序阵列催化电极在被动式直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用[J]. 催化学报, 2016, 37(7): 1089-1095.

Yanlin Wang, Qingqing Cheng, Ting Yuan, Yi Zhou, Haifeng Zhang, Zhiqing Zou, Jianhui Fang, Hui Yang. Controllable fabrication of ordered Pt nanorod array as catalytic electrode for passive direct methanol fuel cells[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 37(7): 1089-1095.

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铂纳米棒有序阵列催化电极在被动式直接甲醇燃料电池中的应用

Controllable fabrication of ordered Pt nanorod array as catalytic electrode for passive direct methanol fuel cells

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