Li-CO2电池机理、催化剂和性能研究进展

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61125-1

催化学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1016-1024.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(15)61125-1

Li-CO₂电池机理、催化剂和性能研究进展

李翔^a, 杨思勰^a, 冯宁宁^a, 何平^a, 周豪慎^a,b

a. 南京大学储能材料与技术中心, 现代工程与应用科学学院, 固体微结构物理国家重点实验室, 人工微结构科学与技术协同创新中心, 江苏南京 210093, 中国;
b. 日本国立产业技术综合研究所, 能源技术研究所, 茨城县筑波市 305-8568, 日本

收稿日期:2016-03-25 修回日期:2016-05-04 出版日期:2016-06-17 发布日期:2016-06-17
通讯作者: Ping He, Haoshen Zhou
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,2014CB932302,2014CB932303);国家自然科学基金(21403107,21373111);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20140055);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20120091120022);江苏省产学研项目(BY2015069-01).

Progress in research on Li-CO₂ batteries: Mechanism, catalyst and performance

Xiang Li^a, Sixie Yang^a, Ningning Feng^a, Ping He^a, Haoshen Zhou^a,b

a. Center of Energy Storage Materials & Technology, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China;
b. Energy Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Umezono 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan

Received:2016-03-25 Revised:2016-05-04 Online:2016-06-17 Published:2016-06-17
Contact: Ping He, Haoshen Zhou
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB932302, 2014CB932303), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21403107, 21373111), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (BK20140055), Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120091120022), PAPD of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, and the Project on Union of Industry-Study-Research of Jiangsu Province (BY2015069-01).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对化石能源依赖所造成的能源安全和环境污染等问题限制了人类社会的可持续发展.Li-CO₂电池能量密度高、原材料成本低廉且结构简单,因而被认为是开发和利用可再生清洁能源的有力技术,在住宅能量存储、电动汽车驱动和智能电网等领域具备良好的应用前景.此外,CO₂等温室气体的大量排放是全球变暖的主要原因,Li-CO₂电池放电时可将空气中的CO₂还原固定,生成的碳材料可用作燃料和化工原料,在资源利用化上提供了新途径.Li-CO₂电池是建立在锂-空气电池的基础上.相比大气中的其他成分,H₂O与CO₂对该电池的影响很大.防水膜可以减少水的影响;而在放电过程中,CO₂的存在会生成Li₂CO₃,Li₂CO₃是可以分解的.由此可见,CO₂在可充放的锂电池中作为正极活性成分储能,从而被利用起来.目前Li-CO₂电池至少面临三个问题:(1)电池充放电的机理尚不完全清楚,并且以O₂和CO₂混合气为活性气体的机理与以纯CO₂为活性气体的机理是有差别的,Li₂CO₃的生成与分解的机制仍在探索中;(2)电解液的稳定性;(3)寻找高效的正极催化剂材料.本文介绍了Li-CO₂电池的发展历程,讨论了Li-CO₂电池的充放电机理、电解液的影响以及正极催化材料的选取等.综述了活性气体为纯CO₂和CO₂-O₂混合气时机理的差别,以及CO₂/O₂混合比对电池性能的影响.选取电解液应考虑其粘度和介电性.高效能的正极催化材料大多具有高导电性、多孔结构和大的比表面积等特点.而温度也是影响Li-CO₂电池性能的因素之一.虽然Li-CO₂电池的概念相对较新,但可实现CO₂在能源储存与转化领域中的应用,并为Li-O₂电池向锂空气电池飞跃提供了重要参考.本文以如何提高正极材料的催化性能和Li₂CO₃的生成和分解机理为重点,总结了正极材料所具有的导电性、比表面积、特殊结构等特点,以及相关机理.

关键词: 锂-二氧化碳电池, 正极反应机理, 催化剂设计, 固碳

Abstract:

Rechargeable Li-CO₂ batteries provide a promising new approach for carbon capture and energy storage technology. However, their practical application is limited by many challenges despite much progress in this technology. Recent development in Li-CO₂ batteries is presented. The reaction mechanism with an air cathode, operating temperatures used, electrochemical performance under different CO₂ concentrations, stability of the battery in different electrolytes, and utilization of different cathode materials were emphasized. At last, challenges and perspectives were also presented. This review provides a deep understanding of Li-CO₂ batteries and offers important guidelines for developing reversible and high efficiency Li-CO₂ batteries.

Key words: Lithium carbon dioxide batteries, Reaction mechanism on cathode, Catalyst design, Carbon capture

李翔, 杨思勰, 冯宁宁, 何平, 周豪慎. Li-CO₂电池机理、催化剂和性能研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2016, 37(7): 1016-1024.

Xiang Li, Sixie Yang, Ningning Feng, Ping He, Haoshen Zhou. Progress in research on Li-CO₂ batteries: Mechanism, catalyst and performance[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 37(7): 1016-1024.

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Li-CO₂电池机理、催化剂和性能研究进展

Progress in research on Li-CO₂ batteries: Mechanism, catalyst and performance

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