纳米载体固定化酶的最新研究进展

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62528-7

催化学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 1814-1823.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(16)62528-7

纳米载体固定化酶的最新研究进展

曹诗林^a,b,c,d, 徐培^a,c, 马永正^d, 姚潇晓^d, 姚远^d, 宗敏华^a,b,c, 李雪辉^a, 娄文勇^b,c

a 华南理工大学化学与化工学院, 广东广州 510640;
b 华南理工大学制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室, 广东广州 510640;
c 华南理工大学食品科学与工程学院应用生物催化实验室, 广东广州 510640;
d 香港理工大学应用生物及化学科技系, 香港

收稿日期:2016-07-29 修回日期:2016-08-18 出版日期:2016-11-25 发布日期:2016-11-25
通讯作者: Wenyong Lou,Tel/Fax:+86-20-22236669; E-mail:wylou@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（21336002，21222606，21376096）；广东省自然科学基金（S2013020013049）；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金（2015PT002，2015ZP009）；制浆造纸工程国家重点实验室（2015C04）；华南理工大学博士研究生短期境外访学项目.

Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers

Shilin Cao^a,b,c,d, Pei Xu^a,c, Yongzheng Ma^d, Xiaoxiao Yao^d, Yuan Yao^d, Minhua Zong^a,b,c, Xuehui Li^a, Wenyong Lou^b,c

a School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China;
b State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China;
c Laboratory of Applied Biocatalysis, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China;
d Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China

Received:2016-07-29 Revised:2016-08-18 Online:2016-11-25 Published:2016-11-25
Contact: Wenyong Lou,Tel/Fax:+86-20-22236669; E-mail:wylou@scut.edu.cn
Supported by:
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21336002, 21222606, 21376096), the Key Program of Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (S2013020013049), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Chinese Universities (2015PT002, 2015ZP009), the Pro-gram of State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering (2015C04), and the South China University of Technology Doctoral Student Short-Term Overseas Visiting Study Funding Project.

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

催化剂是化学工业的重要基础，其中酶是重要的高效天然催化剂.近年来，酶被越来越多地应用于工业领域，如精细化工、食品工业、制药工业、纺织业和制浆造纸.然而，由于游离酶存在价格昂贵及操作稳定性（特别是回收与重复使用性能）低等缺点，其在工业上的进一步应用受到一定限制.对酶进行固定化是解决上述问题的有效途径.一个理想的酶固定化技术需要载体具有良好的生物相容性和高比表面积，能够负载适量的酶并且具有很好的重复使用性能，固定化酶的过程简单温和，所得到的固定化酶制剂具有良好的催化性能、稳定性以及工业应用价值.尽管固定化酶技术经过了多年的发展，但仍需进一步研究.
近几年，人们研究了基于纤维素纳米晶类、聚多巴胺类纳米载体以及生物相容性合成有机物纳米胶等新型载体对酶的固定化，取得了较好的成果.本文综述了这些新型纳米载体的制备以及酶的固定化过程，阐述了纳米载体固定化酶的结构和催化性能，并展望了发展前景.
纤维素是全球产量最高、来源最广的生物聚合物.纤维素经过一定的酸（常用硫酸和盐酸）水解处理后，剩下的是具有高结晶度的纤维素纳米晶.它具有高比表面积、高机械强度和高长径比等优异性能.因此，研究者利用纤维素纳米晶作为载体进行酶固定化，获得了高负载量、高催化性能的固定化酶制剂.
基于仿生矿化法制备的聚多巴胺类材料近年来获得研究者越来越多的关注.多巴胺具有良好的自聚合能力，可以对无机、有机等各种材料进行表面修饰.同时，聚多巴胺中含有的活性官能团可以与酶发生交联，从而达到固定化酶的效果.
基于合成性聚合物纳米胶载体的固定化酶技术同样是一个新兴的、有意义的研究领域.相关的固定化过程可分为两大类：（1）在酶分子表面通过原位聚合生成纳米胶（growing-from过程）；（2）将酶与预先合成的纳米胶进行交联（grafting-to过程）.其中，growing-from过程是先将酶分子丙烯酰化，再进行原位聚合.而原位聚合又可分为自由基聚合、原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）和可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合（RAFT）.其中，ATRP和RAFT主要用于制备环境响应型的酶-聚合物纳米凝胶.

关键词: 酶固定化, 纤维素纳米晶, 聚多巴胺, 生物相容性材料

Abstract:

Recent progress in nanotechnology has provided high-performance nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization. Nanobiocatalysts combining enzymes and nanocarriers are drawing increasing attention because of their high catalytic performance, enhanced stabilities, improved en-zyme-substrate affinities, and reusabilities. Many studies have been performed to investigate the efficient use of cellulose nanocrystals, polydopamine-based nanomaterials, and synthetic polymer nanogels for enzyme immobilization. Various nanobiocatalysts are highlighted in this review, with the emphasis on the design, preparation, properties, and potential applications of nanoscale enzyme carriers and nanobiocatalysts.

Key words: Enzyme immobilization, Cellulose nanocrystal, Polydopamine, Biodegradable material

曹诗林, 徐培, 马永正, 姚潇晓, 姚远, 宗敏华, 李雪辉, 娄文勇. 纳米载体固定化酶的最新研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2016, 37(11): 1814-1823.

Shilin Cao, Pei Xu, Yongzheng Ma, Xiaoxiao Yao, Yuan Yao, Minhua Zong, Xuehui Li, Wenyong Lou. Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2016, 37(11): 1814-1823.

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纳米载体固定化酶的最新研究进展

Recent advances in immobilized enzymes on nanocarriers

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