催化学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1338-1346.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

SiO2负载的Au-Ni双金属催化剂在乙炔选择加氢反应中的应用

柴梦倩a,b, 刘晓艳a, 李林a, 裴广贤a,b, 任煜京a,b, 苏杨a, 程鸿魁c, 王爱琴a, 张涛a   

  1. a 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所催化基础国家重点实验室, 辽宁大连 116023;
    b 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    c 正大能源材料(大连)股份有限公司, 辽宁大连 116021
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-14 修回日期:2017-06-06 出版日期:2017-08-18 发布日期:2017-08-04
  • 通讯作者: 刘晓艳
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(21303194,21476227,21522608,21573232,21690084);中国科学院青年促进会(2014163);国家重点研发计划“纳米科技”重点专项(2016YFA0202801);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDB17020100);辽宁省科技厅(2015020086-101).

SiO2-supported Au-Ni bimetallic catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of acetylene

Mengqian Chaia,b, Xiaoyan Liua, Lin Lia, Guangxian Peia,b, Yujing Rena,b, Yang Sua, Hongkui Chengc, Aiqin Wanga, Tao Zhanga   

  1. a State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, Liaoning, China;
    b University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    c Chia Tai Energy Materials(Dalian) Co., Ltd., Dalian 116021, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2017-04-14 Revised:2017-06-06 Online:2017-08-18 Published:2017-08-04
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21303194, 21476227, 21522608, 21573232, 21690084), Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (2014163), the National Key Projects for Fundamental Research and Development of China (2016YFA0202801), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB17020100), and the Department of Science and Technology of Liaoning Province (2015020086-101).

摘要:

负载型Au催化剂在乙炔选择加氢反应中表现出很高的乙烯选择性,但其转化率相对较低.通过添加第二种金属如Pd,Fe,Ag和Cu等,制备双金属催化剂是提高其在加氢反应中催化活性的一种非常有效的手段.其中Au-Pd双金属催化剂是最受关注的体系之一,Pd的加入可以非常显著地提高其催化乙炔选择加氢反应的活性.据文献报道,与Pd同一主族的Ni也具有较好的加氢活性.尽管与Pd相比,Ni很难与Au形成合金,但目前已有Au-Ni双金属催化剂在多种反应中表现出协同效应的报道,如水气变换、CO氧化以及芳香硝基化合物选择加氢等.因此,向Au催化剂中添加Ni也可能提高催化剂在乙炔选择加氢反应中的催化活性.
因此,我们采用两步法制备了一系列SiO2负载的具有不同Ni:Au原子比的Au-Ni双金属催化剂,并将其用于乙炔选择加氢反应,发现Au-Ni双金属催化剂在该反应中表现出了显著的协同效应,其活性明显优于相应单金属催化剂的活性.尽管其乙烯选择性略低于单金属Au催化剂,但明显高于单金属Ni催化剂.通过调节还原温度和/或Ni:Au的比例,对催化剂的性能进行了优化.结果显示,当Ni:Au=0.5时,催化剂表现出最优的综合性能,即兼具较高的乙炔转化率和乙烯选择性.
为了研究Au-Ni双金属催化剂中金属纳米粒子的结构、组成以及Au-Ni之间的相互作用,我们对催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、能量散射谱(EDS)以及原位红外光谱(DRIFTS)表征.XRD和TEM结果显示,催化剂中的Au-Ni双金属纳米粒子都具有高分散和粒径均匀的特点.通过EDS分析,发现在Au-Ni双金属催化剂中的单个金属纳米粒子同时含有Au和Ni两种元素,尽管每个纳米粒子中Ni:Au的比例有差异.HRTEM结果发现,Au-Ni双金属纳米粒子的晶格间距介于Au(111)和Ni(111)的晶面间距之间,说明在Au-Ni双金属催化剂中有Au-Ni合金形成.原位DRIFTS结果显示,在Au-Ni双金属催化剂中,Au的存在促进了Ni的还原,说明Au与Ni之间存在紧密的相互作用.综上可见,Au和Ni在乙炔选择加氢反应中所表现出的协同效应主要归功于Au-Ni合金的形成,其中金属态Ni起主要的活性作用,而Au的存在则提高了催化剂的乙烯选择性.

关键词: 金, 镍, 双金属催化剂, 协同效应, 乙炔加氢

Abstract:

Supported Au catalysts have been reported to exhibit high ethylene selectivity in the hydrogenation of acetylene, but the conversion is relatively low. Adding a second metal to Au has proven to be a promising approach to enhance its catalytic performance in acetylene hydrogenation. In this work, SiO2-supported Au-Ni bimetallic catalysts were synthesized and investigated in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene. The Au-Ni bimetallic catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic performance than that of the corresponding monometallic Au or Ni catalysts. By tuning the reduction temperature and/or Ni loading, we obtained an Au-Ni/SiO2 catalyst with optimal performance. The results of transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that the Au-Ni bimetallic particles were highly dispersed on the SiO2 support. Meanwhile, analysis of the bimetallic catalyst by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy demonstrated the formation of Au-Ni alloy, which contributed to the synergistic effect between Au and Ni in the hydrogenation of acetylene.

Key words: Gold, Nickel, Bimetallic catalyst, Synergistic effect, Acetylene hydrogenation