聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63051-7

催化学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (7): 1147-1156.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63051-7

聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题

王仰东^a, 史静^a, 金中豪^a, 谢在库^b

a 中国石化上海石油化工研究院绿色化工与工业催化国家重点实验室, 上海 201208;
b 中国石油化工股份有限公司, 北京 100027

收稿日期:2018-01-31 修回日期:2018-02-22 出版日期:2018-07-18 发布日期:2018-06-07
通讯作者: 谢在库
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划（2013CB934101，2009CB623500）；国家自然科学基金（21433002，21573046）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFB0701100）.

Focus on the Chinese revolution of catalysis based on catalytic solutions for the vital demands of society and economy

Yangdong Wang^a, Jing Shi^a, Zhonghao Jin^a, Zaiku Xie^b

a State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, SINOPEC Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Shanghai 201208, China;
b China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100027, China

Received:2018-01-31 Revised:2018-02-22 Online:2018-07-18 Published:2018-06-07
Contact: 10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63051-7
Supported by:
This work was supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (2013CB934101, 2009CB623500), the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China (21433002, 21573046) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFB0701100).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

催化是化学工业中最重要和最普遍的跨学科技术，也是具有重要社会影响的学科之一，是一门基于应用、注重实践、与化学工程息息相关的学科.应用、实践是催化的根本，也是其生命力所在，其发展轨迹与人类的历史进程密不可分.从20世纪初Mittasch贡献的高效Fe基催化剂为氮基化肥的大规模推广奠定了基础，到60年代，分子筛裂化催化剂使汽油收率和辛烷值大幅提升，为交通运输业的大力发展奠定了能源基础，推动了交通运输业的革命.从齐格勒和纳塔TiCl₄-AlEt₃体系催化乙烯、丙烯、丁烯等在低压下高收率地聚合，生成分子结构高度规整的立体定向聚合物——聚烯烃，到汽车排气管中的Pt-Rh-Pd三效催化剂，可以通过氧化和还原反应，把废气中的烃类物质和CO转化为水和CO₂，同时把环境危害大的NO_x分解成无害的N₂和O₂，等等.这些催化的印记推动了产业变革和社会进步.可以说，无处不在的催化支撑了人类社会的发展.近年有些突破也发生在我国，使我们更加感受到催化的力量.
催化科学与技术是极其复杂的.一方面表现在表面科学的知识和催化反应的物理化学现象建模，材料科学和无机化学以制备合适的纳米结构催化剂；另一方面表现在催化剂成型、反应动力学评价和催化过程建模.这两个方面均涉及原料多样性、催化材料多变性、化工工艺适应性、宏量制备放大效应，以及本征与表观性能关联等复杂问题.但是这些复杂性问题与催化发展的根本相比，或者说，与催化发展的核心驱动力相比，很显然，催化解决重大经济社会问题更应引起关注，这是催化的使命所在.
目前，我国催化基础研究走在了世界前列，已经取得了重大突破，李灿等成功组织举办了第16届国际催化大会，包信和、孙予罕等科学家的一系列重大催化基础研究成果在Science、Nature等期刊上发表，李灿、包信和等多名科学家被国际催化相关学术组织颁发荣誉称号，张涛等人一系列重大成果被评为重要进展.与此同时，我国在煤制烃、油品质量升级以及绿色化工等能源化工催化方面取得了重大的工业化成果.这些走在世界前列的重大催化工业化成果驱动了我国经济社会发展.
本文试图总结这些重大工业化催化成果，并基于经济社会发展提炼相关催化问题，探讨发展方向、路径与对策.

关键词: 催化, 工业化, 制烃, 绿色化工, 催化发展

Abstract:

Catalysis is one of the most cross-cutting technologies in the chemical industry, intensely influenc-ing our daily society. Its practical application is closely related to the engineering disciplines. At present, the academic and industrial research on catalysis in our country has made great break-throughs in fields like hydrocarbon production, oil-quality upgrading processes, green chemical engineering, and other energy and chemical users of catalysis. In this paper, we attempt to summa-rize the industrial catalysis achievements and present a discussion on the direction and the devel-opment strategy for catalysis, based on economic and social demands.

Key words: Catalysis, Industrialization, Hydrocarbon production, Green technology, Catalytic development

王仰东, 史静, 金中豪, 谢在库. 聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题[J]. 催化学报, 2018, 39(7): 1147-1156.

Yangdong Wang, Jing Shi, Zhonghao Jin, Zaiku Xie. Focus on the Chinese revolution of catalysis based on catalytic solutions for the vital demands of society and economy[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2018, 39(7): 1147-1156.

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聚焦变革中的催化——始终基于解决重大经济社会需求的催化工程问题

Focus on the Chinese revolution of catalysis based on catalytic solutions for the vital demands of society and economy

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