催化学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 371-379.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(18)63178-X

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

一锅水热法制备柳枝状MoS2/CdS异质结材料及其可见光催化产氢性能

张振伟, 李秋昊, 乔秀清, 侯东芳, 李东升   

  1. 三峡大学材料与化工学院, 新能源微电网湖北省协同创新中心, 无机非金属晶态与能源转换材料重点实验室, 湖北宜昌 443002
  • 收稿日期:2018-08-08 修回日期:2018-09-25 出版日期:2019-03-18 发布日期:2019-02-22
  • 通讯作者: 乔秀清, 李东升
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(51502155,51572152,21673127,21671119);湖北省教育厅科研计划项目(D20151203);中国科学院福建物质结构研究所结构化学国家重点实验室(20170020).

One-pot hydrothermal synthesis of willow branch-shaped MoS2/CdS heterojunctions for photocatalytic H2 production under visible light irradiation

Zhen-Wei Zhang, Qiu-Hao Li, Xiu-Qing Qiao, Dongfang Hou, Dong-Sheng Li   

  1. College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for New Energy Microgrid, Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Crystalline and Energy Conversion Materials, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, Hubei, China
  • Received:2018-08-08 Revised:2018-09-25 Online:2019-03-18 Published:2019-02-22
  • Supported by:

    This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51502155, 51572152, 21673127, 21671119), the Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (D20151203), and the State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences (20170020).

摘要:

自从1972年Fujishima和Honda发现TiO2光电催化分解水产氢以来,半导体光催化分解水产氢技术被认为是解决能源危机和环境污染问题最有效的策略之一.然而,由于TiO2的可见光吸收能力差、活性低、价格高等问题限制了其实际应用,因此寻求和发展高效的可见光催化剂具有重要意义.CdS半导体材料具有合适的带隙及导带位置,可以有效吸收可见光产生电子并将H+还原生成H2,是目前公认的较好的可见光催化产氢材料之一.然而光催化过程中CdS材料较快的电子-空穴复合速度极大降低了其效率,如何促进光催化过程中电子-空穴对的分离成为研究重点.研究表明,采用负载助催化剂、构筑异质结、表面修饰、金属/非金属元素掺杂等技术可明显提高CdS的光催化产氢性能,其中发展非贵金属助催化剂引起了广泛兴趣.
近年有文献报道过渡金属硫化合物MoS2用于光催化助催化剂,可以明显提高光催化性能.目前已制备出具有不同形貌的MoS2/CdS异质材料如纳米球、纳米棒、纳米纤维等,但多数MoS2/CdS异质材料的制备采用两步法或多步法,制备工艺复杂,易引入杂质,阻碍了其实际应用.因此,发展简单温和的一步法制备具有新颖形貌的MoS2/CdS异质材料具有重要意义.
本文采用简单的一步水热法制备了一种新颖的柳枝状MoS2/CdS异质材料.采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱和氮气吸附-脱附测试对所得样品进行了表征.结果表明,制备的柳枝状MoS2/CdS异质材料具有核壳结构,两者之间形成紧密的异质结.光催化性能测试表明,制备的MoS2/CdS异质材料相比纯相CdS产氢性能明显提高,优化后的MoS2/CdS异质材料(MoS2/CdS摩尔比为5:100)的产氢性能是纯CdS的28倍.通过紫外-可见漫反射光谱、荧光光谱分析、光电流、EIS阻抗谱及莫特肖特基曲线测试发现,CdS与MoS2之间致密的异质核壳结构有助于光生载流子的迁移与分离,从而明显提高光催化活性.

关键词: 硫化镉, 硫化钼, 光催化, 水分解, 产氢, 异质结, 核壳结构, 可见光

Abstract:

Willow branch-shaped MoS2/CdS heterojunctions are successfully synthesized for the first time by a facile one-pot hydrothermal method. The as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and photoelectrochemical and photoluminescence spectroscopy tests. The photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activities of the samples were evaluated under visible light irradiation. The resulting MoS2/CdS heterojunctions exhibit a much improved photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity than that obtained with CdS and MoS2. In particular, the optimized MC-5 (5 at.% MoS2/CdS) photocatalyst achieved the highest hydrogen production rate of 250.8 μmol h-1, which is 28 times higher than that of pristine CdS. The apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at 420 nm was 3.66%. Further detailed characterizations revealed that the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the MoS2/CdS heterojunctions could be attributed to the efficient transfer and separation of photogenerated charge carriers resulting from the core-shell structure and the close contact between MoS2 nanosheets and CdS single-crystal nanorods, as well as to increased visible light absorption. A tentative mechanism for photocatalytic H2 evolution by MoS2/CdS heterojunctions was proposed. This work will open up new opportunities for developing more efficient photocatalysts for water splitting.

Key words: CdS, MoS2, Photocatalysis, Water splitting, H2 evolution, Heterojunction, Core-shell structure, Visible light