可充电锌空气电池的双功能电催化剂

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(19)63349-8

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着人类社会的发展，对能源的需求急剧增长，能源的过度消耗已经给人类敲响了警钟，可持续发展进入人们的视野，并迅速成为现代社会关注的焦点.众多的研究在绿色和可持续能源开发方面作出了巨大努力，极大地推动了电化学储能和转换技术的进步.目前，锂离子电池正在引领着能量存储领域.然而，可充电锂离子电池的能量密度不足，限制了它们进一步的应用和发展.金属空气电池的理论能量密度是最先进锂离子电池的几倍，使其成为锂离子电池良好的替代品.根据负极金属的种类，金属空气电池可分为几种不同类型，其中锂空气电池和锌空气电池是最具有潜力的金属空气电池.但是，锂空气电池存在一些缺点和潜在的危险，例如锂金属成本相对较高且化学性质十分活泼，有机电解质十分易燃.这些问题阻碍了未来锂空气电池的商业化进程和大规模应用.
锌空气电池因具有能量密度高、安全性好、成本低和环保等特性而备受关注.但是，由于锌空气电池的可充电性能较差，实现其实际应用仍然是一个巨大的挑战.阻碍其发展的最大障碍是空气正极上固有的缓慢的反应动力学过程，包括放电过程中的氧还原反应和充电过程中的氧析出反应.寻找廉价高效的双功能氧电催化剂来取代传统的单功能贵金属催化剂是解决这些问题的关键.
在这篇综述中，首先简要介绍了锌空气电池的结构和空气电极上基本的电化学反应.然后，详细介绍了最新的用于锌空气电池的双功能氧电催化剂，并将其分为无金属催化剂和金属催化剂两大类.对于不含金属的双功能催化剂，杂原子掺杂碳材料是研究重点，这是由于它们具有较高的催化活性、稳定性和低成本等特点.对于金属基双功能催化剂，根据其组成和制备分为三类：金属和碳/氮杂化材料；金属氧化物和碳杂化材料；MOF衍生材料.其中，过渡金属氧化物和碳的复合材料由于其独特的性质和协同效应而成为贵金属催化剂最有潜力的替代品.最后，本文对双功能氧电催化剂的设计方法和未来研究进行了展望.

关键词: 双功能电催化剂, 氧还原反应, 氧析出反应, 锌空气电池, 杂化材料

Abstract: Zn-air batteries have attracted extensive attention for their unique features including high energy density, safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, due to their poor chargeability and low efficiency, the practical application remains a challenge. The main obstacles are the intrinsic slow reaction kinetics on air cathodes, including oxygen reduction reaction during the discharging process and oxygen evolution reaction during the recharging process. Searching for efficient bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is key to solve these problems. In this review, the configuration and fundamental oxygen electrochemical reactions on air cathodes are briefly introduced for Zn-air batteries first. Then, the latest bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts are summarized in detail. Finally, the perspectives are provided for the future investigations on bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts.

Key words: Bifunctional electrocatalysts, Oxygen-reduction reaction, Oxygen-evolution reaction, Zn-air batteries, Hybrid materials

郭一博, 陈亚楠, 崔会娟, 周震. 可充电锌空气电池的双功能电催化剂[J]. 催化学报, 2019, 40(9): 1298-1310.

Yibo Guo, Ya-Nan Chen, Huijuan Cui, Zhen Zhou. Bifunctional electrocatalysts for rechargeable Zn-air batteries[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2019, 40(9): 1298-1310.

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