化学功能化增强贵金属纳米晶电催化性能

doi:10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64186-X

催化学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 45: 6-16.DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(22)64186-X

化学功能化增强贵金属纳米晶电催化性能

薛淇^a^,^b, 王喆^a, 丁钰^a, 李富民^a^,^c^,^*(), 陈煜^a^,^*()

^a陕西省大分子科学重点实验室, 应用表面与胶体化学教育部重点实验室, 陕西省先进能源器件重点实验室, 陕西省先进能源技术工程实验室, 陕西师范大学材料科学与工程学院, 陕西西安710062
^b西安建筑科技大学化学与化工学院, 陕西西安710055
^c华中科技大学化学与化工学院, 湖北武汉430074

收稿日期:2022-08-18 接受日期:2022-10-17 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-01-10
通讯作者: 李富民,陈煜
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(21875133);陕西省自然科学基金(2020JZ-23);中国博士后科学基金(2022M711231);中国博士后科学基金(2022M710088);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(GK202202001);111工程(B14041)

Chemical functionalized noble metal nanocrystals for electrocatalysis

Qi Xue^a^,^b, Zhe Wang^a, Yu Ding^a, Fumin Li^a^,^c^,^*(), Yu Chen^a^,^*()

^aKey Laboratory of Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, Shaanxi, China
^bSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, Shaanxi, China
^cSchool of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China

Received:2022-08-18 Accepted:2022-10-17 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-01-10
Contact: Fumin Li, Yu Chen
About author:Fumin Li received his PhD at Shaanxi Normal University in 2020. Now he is a postdoctor at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. His research interests focus on the advanced noble metal nanomaterials for electrochemical applications
Yu Chen received his PhD from School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering in Nanjing University in 2009. He is currently a professor at School of Materials Science and Engineering at Shaanxi Normal University. His research interests include the control synthesis of noble metal nanocrystals, the fabrication and application of metal-organic interface, and the electrocatalysis.
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875133);Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2020JZ-23);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711231);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M710088);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202202001);111 Project(B14041)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于电催化过程的可再生和清洁能源的生产、转换和储存技术(如水电解和燃料电池)是缓解全球能源短缺和环境污染问题的有效手段. 目前, 水电解和燃料电池技术的实际应用缺乏高效、稳定的电催化剂来驱动动力学迟缓的阴极和阳极反应. 贵金属纳米晶由于其独特的电子结构和高化学惰性而具有高电催化活性和稳定性. 为了提升贵金属纳米晶的本征电催化性能, 大量研究聚焦在利用面积效应、晶面效应和不同组分之间的协同效应来调控贵金属的粒径、形貌和化学成分. 事实上, 贵金属纳米晶的电催化性能也与其表/界面性质密切相关. 电催化剂表面的化学功能化可以改变电极/电解质界面结构, 从而提高电催化活性和选择性, 这对开发新型高效的电催化剂具有重要的理论意义.
本文系统介绍了本课题组开发的聚胺(PAM)功能化贵金属纳米电催化剂的合成方法及其在燃料电池和电解池等能源转换装置中的应用, 具体包括: 通过引入PAM控制反应动力学来调控纳米晶体的结构和形态, 构建界面功能化贵金属纳米电催化剂; 利用金属表面修饰的PAM分子改变表面催化位点的电子结构、配位环境等物理化学性质来控制反应物和中间体等的吸附行为, 从而达到调节催化活性的目的; 采用PAM分子来隔离特定活性位点, 形成空间位阻, 改变金属表面位点的可及性, 影响催化反应中反应物的吸附, 从而实现对目标反应的选择性.
从优化催化性能和通过电催化过程实现高效能量转换的角度, 本文列举了PAM功能化催化剂在氧还原反应、析氢反应、甲酸氧化反应和硝酸盐还原反应等重要反应中的最新研究进展; 总结了化学功能化贵金属电催化剂的研究进展、当前不足, 提出了挑战和未来前景. 综上, 本文旨在激发对表面/界面功能化及其催化行为的深入研究, 从而推进未来与电催化技术相关的可再生能源的生产和环境保护.

关键词: 贵金属纳米晶体, 化学功能化, 电催化, 质子富集, 界面位阻, 路径优化

Abstract:

Electrocatalysis is an interface-dominated process, in which the activity of the catalyst highly relates to the adsorption/desorption behaviors of the reactants/intermediates/products on the active sites. From the perspective of catalyst design, the chemical functionalization design on noble metal surfaces will inevitably affect the reaction process, which is considered to be one of the effective strategies to tune the electrocatalytic performance of noble metal nanocrystals. Polyamines (PAM) with high stability and good coordination ability have been widely studied as important functional molecules. In this account, we first introduce the PAM-assisted synthesis mechanism of noble metal nanocrystals, which provides a theoretical basis and guidance for their design and optimization with controllable morphology. Then, the effects of adsorbed PAM on the electronic structure, geometric structure, electrode/electrolyte interface structure and catalytic reaction pathway of noble metal-based catalysts are specifically described. The internal mechanism of noble metal-PAM interfacial effect increasing catalyst activity and selectivity is stated, and the latest research progress of PAM functionalized catalysts applied in important reactions is listed, such as hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen reduction reaction, formic acid oxidation reaction, and nitrate reduction reaction, and so on. These findings open a new avenue for constructing advanced electrocatalysts based on inorganic/organic polymer-mediated interface engineering in various energy-related catalysis/electrocatalysis fields. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects of PAM molecule functionalized noble metal electrocatalysts are proposed.

Key words: Noble metal nanocrystal, Chemical functionalization, Electrocatalysis, Proton enrichment, Interface screen, Pathway optimization

薛淇, 王喆, 丁钰, 李富民, 陈煜. 化学功能化增强贵金属纳米晶电催化性能[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 45: 6-16.

Qi Xue, Zhe Wang, Yu Ding, Fumin Li, Yu Chen. Chemical functionalized noble metal nanocrystals for electrocatalysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2023, 45: 6-16.

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图/表 5

Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (a) PEI and (b) PA/PAA/PAH. (c) UV-vis absorption spectra of PAH, RhCl3 and RhCl3 + PAH solution. (d) Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) curves of RhCl3 + KCl and RhCl3 + KCl + PAH at the glassy carbon electrode. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [40]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. (e) PAM-assisted growth mechanism of noble metal nanocrystals.

Fig. 2. (a) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) image and (b) energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping of Pd-NWs@PEI. (c) ORR polarization curves for Pd-NWs@PEI and commercial Pt black in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH solution. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. (d) TEM image and (e) EDX mapping of Au@Pd@PEI NWs. (f) ORR polarization for Au@Pd@PEI NWs and commercial Pt/C in 0.1 mol L-1 NaOH solution. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [56]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (g) Synthesis process diagram, (h) high resolution TEM (HRTEM) image, (i) the schematic diagram of the cross-sectional model of Au@PAA@Pd. (j) X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of Au@PAA@Pd in Pd 3d and Au 4f regions, respectively. (k) The electronic effects inside Au@PAA@Pd. (l) Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves for Pd nanoparticles and Au@PAA@Pd in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 and 0.5 mol L-1 HCOOH solution. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [42]. Copyright 2016, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 3. (a) TEM image of Pt-LSSUs@PAA. (b) The photo of an actual long-spiny sea urchin. (c) Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of Pt-LSSUs@PAA. (d) Pt 4f XPS spectrum of Pt-LSSUs@PAA. (e) ORR polarization curves for commercial Pt black and Pt-LSSUs@PAA in 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 solution. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [43]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. (f) LSV curves of Pttripods@PAA and commercial Pt black in H2SO4 solution. (g,h) EDX mappings of Pttripods@PAA. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [33]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society. (i) TEM image of Pt-SSs@PEI. (j) LSV curves of commercial Pt-JM nanoparticles and Pt-SSs@PEI in H2SO4 solution. (k) CV curves of Pt-SSs@PEI and Pt-SSs without PEI in H2SO4 solution. (l) LSV curves of Pt-SSs@PEI and Pt-SSs without PEI in H2SO4 solution. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [57]. Copyright 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry.

Fig. 4. (a) Schematic diagram of PEI layer on the Pd (111) surface simulated by molecular dynamics. (b,c) Schematic illustration of the selective catalytic oxygen reduction of Pd-NWs@PEI. (d) Histogram of the oxidation activity of Pd-NWs@PEI and Pd black for methanol, ethanol and 1-propanol, respectively. The specific peak current densities of commercial Pd black for methanol, ethanol and isopropanol are normalized to 1. (e) ORR polarization curves for Pd-NWs@PEI and Pd black in CH3CH2OH and NaOH solution. Inset in Fig. 4(e): ORR polarization curves of Pd-NWs@PEI in and without CH3CH2OH. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [55]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. (f) Schematic diagram of PAA layer on the Pt (111) surface simulated by molecular dynamics. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [43]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. TEM images, HRTEM image and SAED pattern of (g) Pt-NDs@PAA-5000 and (h) Pt-NDs@PAA-150000. (i) CV curves of Pt-NDs@PAA-5000 and Pt-NDs@PAA-150000 in H2SO4 solution. (j) CV curves of Pt-NDs@PAA-5000 and Pt black in CH3CH2OH and H2SO4 solution. Inset in Fig. 4(j): the low affinity of PAA to methanol. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [50]. Copyright 2016, Springer. ORR polarization curves for (k) PdCo nanocomposites and (l) Pt black in NaOH solution with/without 4 mmol L-1 CH3CH2OH. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [63]. Copyright 2018, Wiley.

Fig. 5. (a) Scanning electron microscope figure of rGO/PEI aerogels. (b) Faradaic efficiency of H2O2 reduction at different voltages for rGO/PEI aerogels and rGO aerogels. (c) Mechanism of the selective reduction of H2O2 on the surface of rGO/PEI aerogels. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [66]. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. (d) TEM figures of Pt/rGO-600 hybrids and (e) Pt/rGO-1000 hybrids. (f) CV curves of (1) the Pt/RGO-600 and (2) Pt/RGO-10000 hybrids in H2SO4 and HCOOH solution. (g) The effect of PEI molecular weight on FAOR of (1) the Pt/RGO-600 and (2) Pt/RGO-10000 hybrids. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [67]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. (h) TEM, HRTEM and SAED pattern figures of PA-RhCu cNCs. (i) TGA curve of PA-RhCu cNCs. (j) The projected densities of states of Rh in Rh (111), RhCu (111)-ethylamine, RhCu (111) and Rh (111)-ethylamine surfaces. (k) Mechanism of the selective reduction of NH3 on the surface of PA-RhCu cNCs. Reprinted with permission from Ref. [37]. Copyright 2022, Wiley.

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化学功能化增强贵金属纳米晶电催化性能

Chemical functionalized noble metal nanocrystals for electrocatalysis

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[1]	唐小龙, 李锋, 李方, 江燕斌, 余长林. 单原子催化剂在光催化和电催化合成过氧化氢中的研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 79-98.
[2]	张季, 俞爱民, 孙成华. 非金属掺杂石墨烯异核双原子催化剂氮还原特性研究[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 263-270.
[3]	胡金念, 田玲婵, 王海燕, 孟洋, 梁锦霞, 朱纯, 李隽. MXene负载3d金属单原子高效氮还原电催化剂的理论筛选[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 252-262.
[4]	洪岩, 王琦, 阚子旺, 张禹烁, 郭晶, 李思琦, 刘松, 李斌. 电化学氮还原氨反应催化剂的最新研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 50-78.
[5]	刘勇, 赵晓丽, 隆昶, 王晓艳, 邓邦为, 李康璐, 孙艳娟, 董帆. 原位构筑动态Cu/Ce(OH)_x界面用于高活性、高选择性和高稳定性硝酸盐还原合成氨[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 196-206.
[6]	高晖, 张恭, 程东方, 王永涛, 赵静, 李晓芝, 杜晓伟, 赵志坚, 王拓, 张鹏, 巩金龙. 构建Cu台阶位促进电催化CO₂还原制醇类化学品的研究[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 187-195.
[7]	邹心仪, 顾均. 酸性条件下二氧化碳高效电还原策略[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 52(9): 14-31.
[8]	周波, 石建巧, 姜一民, 肖磊, 逯宇轩, 董帆, 陈晨, 王特华, 王双印, 邹雨芹. 强化脱氢动力学实现超低电池电压和大电流密度下抗坏血酸电氧化[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 372-380.
[9]	王元男, 王立娜, 张可新, 徐靖尧, 武倩楠, 谢周兵, 安伟, 梁宵, 邹晓新. 钙钛矿氧化物在水裂解反应中的电催化研究[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 109-125.
[10]	周纳, 王家志, 张宁, 王志, 王恒国, 黄岗, 鲍迪, 钟海霞, 张新波. 富含缺陷的Cu@CuTCNQ复合材料增强电催化硝酸盐还原成氨[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 324-333.
[11]	李轩, 蒋兴星, 孔艳, 孙建桔, 胡琪, 柴晓燕, 杨恒攀, 何传新. GaN/In₂O₃的界面工程用于高效电催化CO₂还原制备甲酸[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 314-323.
[12]	Sang Eon Jun, Sungkyun Choi, Jaehyun Kim, Ki Chang Kwon, Sun Hwa Park, Ho Won Jang. 用于电化学能量转换反应的非贵金属单原子催化剂[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 195-214.
[13]	牛青, 米林华, 陈玮, 李秋军, 钟升红, 于岩, 李留义. 基于共价有机框架的单位点光(电)催化材料的研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 45-82.
[14]	欧阳玲, 梁杰, 罗永嵩, 郑冬冬, 孙圣钧, 刘倩, Mohamed S. Hamdy, 孙旭平, 应斌武. 电催化合成氨的研究进展[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 50(7): 6-44.
[15]	李静静, 张锋伟, 詹新雨, 郭河芳, 张涵, 昝文艳, 孙振宇, 张献明. 酞菁镍分子结构的精确设计: 优化电子和空间效应用于CO₂电还原[J]. 催化学报, 2023, 48(5): 117-126.