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过刊目录

    催化学报
    Chinese Journal of Catalysis

    2014, Vol. 35, No. 4
    Online: 2014-03-20

    封面介绍:

    王阳刚等通过理论研究揭示了 Co3O4 纳米晶催化剂在甲烷氧化过程中催化活化 C-H 键的机理. 研究发现, Co3O4 纳米晶面对 C-H 键的活化表现出明显的晶面效应和结构敏感性, 并且表面 Coδ+-Oδ 离子对活性中心对于活化惰性的 C-H 键发挥了关键作用. 见本期第 462-467 页

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    目录
    第35卷第4期目次
    2014, 35 (4):  0-0. 
    摘要 ( 213 )   PDF(1242KB) ( 480 )  
    研究视角
    氧化物负载的纳米金属催化剂的活性位本质和结构
    王敏, 王峰
    2014, 35 (4):  453-456.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60073-5
    摘要 ( 447 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(522KB) ( 760 )  

    氧化物负载的金属催化剂在学术界和工业界都是研究最为广泛的一类催化剂。本文主要介绍了最近几年关于这方面的代表性研究进展,有望揭示负载型金属催化剂中活性位的本质和所处的位置。

    研究快讯
    核壳结构TiO2@SiO2催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯
    唐荣芝, 陈彤, 陈勇, 张元卓, 王公应
    2014, 35 (4):  457-461.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60059-0
    摘要 ( 281 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(573KB) ( 680 )  

    以反相微乳液法和沉淀法相结合制备了核壳结构TiO2@SiO2,首次用于碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换合成碳酸二苯酯反应,显示较好的催化活性. 采用200 ℃焙烧的TiO2@SiO2,用量0.20 g,反应9 h,苯酚转化率达41.8%,酯交换选择性为100%. 透射电镜显示TiO2@SiO2核厚壳薄,TiO2核直径220-300 nm,SiO2壳厚度40-60 nm,具有介孔结构. TiO2@SiO2对碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应有好的重复使用性,使用4次苯酚转化率仍保持在40%以上. TiO2与SiO2发生相互作用,Ti进入骨架形成Ti-O-Si键,骨架Ti的形成提高了TiO2@SiO2的催化性能.

    研究论文
    Co3O4纳米晶催化氧化甲烷的理论研究:C-H键活化的晶面效应及活性中心
    王阳刚, 杨小峰, 胡林华, 李亚栋, 李隽
    2014, 35 (4):  462-467.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60043-7
    摘要 ( 415 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(582KB) ( 751 )  

    甲烷是一种在自然界中大量存在的原材料,在取代原油和合成重要化工产品等许多领域具有潜在的应用价值. 然而,由于CH4中C-H键的键能特别大(约~4.5 eV),如何实现甲烷的绿色有效转化在化学化工领域仍然是一个挑战. 本文采用密度泛函理论对Co3O4(001)和(011)晶面活化甲烷C-H键的机理进行了理论研究,得到了如下结论:(1) CH4的C-H键在Co3O4晶面的解离具有很高的活性,只需要克服大约1 eV的能垒;(2)与Co2相连的Co-O离子对是CH4活化的活性位点,其中两个带正负电荷的离子对C-H解离起着协同作用,帮助产生Co-CH3和O-H物种;(3)(011)面的反应活性明显大于(001)面,与实验的观察一致. 本文的计算结果表明,Co3O4纳米晶面对CH4中C-H键的活化表现出明显的晶面效应和结构敏感效应,Co-O离子对活性中心对于活化惰性的C-H键发挥了关键作用.

    气体扩散层中聚四氟乙烯的分布对质子交换膜燃料电池水淹的影响
    宋微, 俞红梅, 邵志刚, 衣宝廉, 林瑾, 刘娜
    2014, 35 (4):  468-473.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60014-0
    摘要 ( 381 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(984KB) ( 716 )  

    通过在不同真空度下进行碳纸的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)浸渍处理,考察了PTFE在碳纸中的分布对燃料电池水淹情况的影响. 碳纸PTFE浸渍过程中,抽真空作用可以将碳纸微孔中存留的空气移除,使PTFE更均匀地扩散到内部微孔中. 碳纸的断面电镜照片显示真空浸渍可以改善PTFE的分布. 在总浸渍量相同时,由于真空浸渍使更多的PTFE进入到碳纸内部微孔,故其表面的PTFE比例减少. 实验进一步考察了碳纸中亲水孔和憎水孔的分布,结果表明真空浸渍处理的碳纸具有更高比例的憎水孔. 将不同处理方法的碳纸制备成膜电极,通过全尺寸电池考察其性能,结果表明PTFE的均匀分布可以改善电池性能,并且电化学阻抗分析表明其有利于改善水淹问题.

    Three-component, one-pot synthesis of benzo[f]indenoquinoline derivatives catalyzed by poly(4-vinylpyridinium) hydrogen sulfate
    Nader Ghaffari Khaligh
    2014, 35 (4):  474-480.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(12)60752-9
    摘要 ( 235 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(407KB) ( 648 )  

    7-Aryl-8H-benzo[f]indeno[2,1-b]quinoline-8-one derivatives were synthesized by means of a one-pot condensation of 2-naphthylamine, aromatic aldehydes, and indane-1,3-dione in ethanol under refluxing conditions in the presence of poly(4-vinylpyridinium) hydrogen sulfate, a solid acid catalyst. This method has the advantages of high yield, clean reaction, simple methodology, and short reaction time. The catalyst could be recycled and reused four times without significant loss of activity. The structure of the novel compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.

    表面修饰多壁碳纳米管负载二氧化钛的制备及催化碳酸二甲酯与苯酚酯交换反应的性能
    周喜, 葛鑫, 唐荣芝, 陈彤, 王公应
    2014, 35 (4):  481-489.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60010-3
    摘要 ( 331 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(871KB) ( 655 )  

    制备了表面修饰多壁碳纳米管负载TiO2的催化剂,并将其应用于碳酸二甲酯与苯酚的酯交换反应. 采用X射线电子能谱、透射电子显微镜、低温N2吸附-脱附和X射线衍射等对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,以低浓度的氨水(0.4%)代替去离子水作为沉淀剂时,制备的催化剂显示出更好的催化活性、分离性与重复使用性. 考察了TiO2负载量、催化剂用量及反应时间对反应性能的影响. 在最佳反应条件下,苯酚转化率为42.5%,碳酸甲苯酯与碳酸二苯酯的总选择性达到99.9%以上. 经过4次重复使用后,催化剂的活性略有下降.

    A facile, green, one-pot synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols under solvent-free conditions catalyzed by a carbon-based solid acid
    Abolghasem Davoodnia, Rahil Mahjoobin, Niloofar Tavakoli-Hoseini
    2014, 35 (4):  490-495.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60011-5
    摘要 ( 213 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(371KB) ( 739 )  

    An efficient, environmentally friendly procedure for the synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols through the one-pot, three-component reaction of β-naphthol, aryl aldehydes, and acetamide in the presence of a carbon-based solid acid under thermal solvent-free conditions is described. The beneficial features of this new synthetic approach include short reaction time, high yields, clean reaction profiles, and a simple work-up procedure. Furthermore, the catalyst can be readily recycled and reused four times without obvious significant loss of activity. The structure of the catalyst was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, and X-ray diffraction.

    金属卤化物促进糖类催化转化制备5-羟甲基糠醛
    任秋鹤, 黄义争, 马红, 高进, 徐杰
    2014, 35 (4):  496-500.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60012-7
    摘要 ( 408 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(617KB) ( 834 )  

    研究了碱金属卤化物对AlCl3催化葡萄糖转化制备5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的促进作用. 结果表明,NaF对反应有显著抑制作用,而NaI和NaBr对反应有显著促进作用,而且NaI比NaBr的促进效果更明显. 在NN-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)中,以NaI为添加剂,130 ℃反应15 min,AlCl3催化葡萄糖转化制备HMF,葡萄糖转化率由71%提高到86%,HMF收率由36%提高到62%. AlCl3-NaI-DMAC体系也可用于果糖、甘露糖等单糖,蔗糖、麦芽糖、纤维二糖等二糖,以及菊粉等多糖的转化. 以蔗糖为原料,HMF收率可达63%.

    A voltammetric sensor with a multiwall carbon nanotube paste electrode and naphthol green as a mediator for the determination of N-actylcysteine in the presence of tryptophan
    Mohsen Keyvanfard, Maryam Tahmasbi, Hassan Karimi-Maleh, Khadijeh Alizad
    2014, 35 (4):  501-508.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60019-X
    摘要 ( 283 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(664KB) ( 594 )  

    A multiwall carbon nanotube modified electrode prepared by incorporating multiwall carbon nanotubes in the electrode of a sensor and naphthol green as a homogeneous mediator was used as a voltammetric sensor for the determination of N-actylcysteine (N-AC) in the presence of tryptophan (Trp). The voltammograms of differential pulse voltammetry of N-AC in a mixture with Trp were separated from each other by a potential difference of 200 mV, which allowed the determination of both N-AC and Trp simultaneously. Under the optimum conditions, the electrocatalytic currents increased linearly with N-AC concentration in the range of 0.25-400 μmol/L (two linear segments with different slopes). The detection limit for N-AC was 0.08 μmol/L. The kinetic parameters of the system were determined using electrochemical methods. The method was applied for the determination of N-AC in drug and urine samples.

    快速微波法制备掺氮石墨烯用于碱性氧还原电催化剂
    汪忠伟, 黎波, 辛宇尘, 刘建国, 姚颖方, 邹志刚
    2014, 35 (4):  509-513.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60016-4
    摘要 ( 294 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(554KB) ( 699 )  

    采用微波法在氨气气氛下快速加热石墨烯(G)制备了含氮量在4.05 wt%-5.47 wt%的掺氮石墨烯(NG). 将上述的掺氮石墨烯用作碱性电解质条件下的氧还原电催化剂,起始还原电势为0.17 V(vs SHE),接近商用碳载铂催化剂的0.21 V(vs SHE). 采用透射电子显微镜、拉曼光谱和X射线光电子能谱研究了掺氮石墨烯的形貌、结构和掺杂氮原子的键合方式. 结果发现,掺氮石墨烯的氧还原起始电位随着石墨氮原子含量的提高而上升,说明石墨类型的氮含量是影响其氧还原催化活性的关键因素. 实验结果表明,微波法快速制备的掺氮石墨烯在碱性条件下表现出较高的氧还原催化活性,具有作为碱性燃料电池阴极催化剂的潜力.

    CO2 mitigation by carbon nanotube formation during dry reforming of methane analyzed by factorial design combined with response surface methodology
    Tiago P. Braga, Regina C. R. Santos, Barbara M. C. Sales, Bruno R. da Silva, Antônio N. Pinheiro, Edson R. Leite, Antoninho Valentini
    2014, 35 (4):  514-523.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60018-8
    摘要 ( 503 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(667KB) ( 881 )  

    A factorial experimental design was combined with response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the catalyzed CO2 consumption by coke deposition and syngas production during the dry reforming of CH4. The CH4/CO2 feed ratio and the reaction temperature were chosen as the variables, and the selected responses were CH4 and CO2 conversion, the H2/CO ratio, and coke deposition. The optimal reaction conditions were found to be a CH4/CO2 feed ratio of approximately 3 at 700 ℃, producing a large quantity of coke and realizing high CO2 conversion. Furthermore, Raman results showed that the CH4/CO2 ratio and reaction temperature affect the system's response, particularly the characteristics of the coke produced, which indicates the formation of carbon nanotubes and amorphous carbon.

    氮杂大环铈(Ⅲ)配合物与pUC19 DNA的相互作用
    王敏, 俞兰, 李方珍, 谢家庆
    2014, 35 (4):  524-531.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60017-6
    摘要 ( 300 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(711KB) ( 633 )  

    以一种1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,31-十一氮杂2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32-十一酰基-环三十三烷的衍生物(CYC)为配体,在溶液中和Ce(Ⅲ,M)离子形成氮杂大环铈配合物(M-CYC)作为仿生催化剂,通过紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法和凝胶电泳法研究了M-CYC配合物与DNA的相互作用. 结果表明,M-CYC与小牛胸腺DNA(CT DNA)以嵌插方式相互作用,在pH = 8.16的缓冲体系中,其结合常数Kb = 2.0×104 L/mol. 凝胶电泳结果表明,当自由基捕捉剂存在时,M-CYC可将超螺旋pUC19 DNA切割为缺刻型DNA,其切割方式为水解切割.

    咪唑基介孔有机硅材料固载磷钼酸催化剂的制备及烯烃环氧化性能
    王静, 邹永存, 孙渝, Mximilin Hemgeserg, Dirk Shffner, 高洪成, 宋晓静, 张文祥, 贾明君, Werner R. Thiel
    2014, 35 (4):  532-539.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60025-5
    摘要 ( 433 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(619KB) ( 793 )  

    以含有咪唑阳离子的周期性介孔有机硅(PMO-ILs)材料为载体,制备了一类固载化磷钼酸(PMA)多相催化材料(PMA@PMO-ILs),并采用N2吸附-脱附实验、X射线衍射、原子吸收光谱、差热-热重分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱及固体核磁共振技术研究了材料的结构及物理化学性质. 结果表明,磷钼酸通过静电相互作用被成功固载到PMO-ILs载体表面和孔道中,且在制备过程中磷钼酸及载体基本结构均未发生变化. 反应结果表明,PMA@PMO-ILs材料在以叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂的环辛烯环氧化反应中表现出一定的催化活性和很高的选择性. 中断实验结果表明,催化剂的主要活性中心在反应过程中未发生明显流失,且催化剂经多次循环使用后活性及选择性基本保持不变. PMO-ILs中大量的咪唑阳离子能有效稳定磷钼酸阴离子,使该催化材料表现出良好的稳定性.

    一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料及其在C-C偶联反应中的应用
    陈贵夫, 王峰, 王业红, 张晓辰, 秦洪强, 邹汉法, 徐杰
    2014, 35 (4):  540-545.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60021-8
    摘要 ( 293 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(567KB) ( 619 )  

    报道了一种嵌有双亚胺基吡啶配体的全共轭有机聚合物材料. 该材料所具有的双亚胺基吡啶配体起到链接聚合物单元和络合金属中心的双重作用. 采用紫外可见光谱、红外光谱以及基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱等对其结构进行了详细表征和确认. 由于具有全共轭结构,该材料的热稳定性达到440 ℃,并且在常规溶剂中较难溶解. 作为多相催化剂载体,可以络合Pd离子形成新的多相配位催化剂,在经典的Suzuki-Miyaura C-C偶联反应中转化率和选择性均达到99%.

    有机改性对粘土负载镍催化剂的促进作用及其萘加氢性能
    任世彪, 文宏志, 曹先中, 王知彩, 雷智平, 潘春秀, 康士刚, 水恒福
    2014, 35 (4):  546-552.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60028-0
    摘要 ( 371 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(832KB) ( 675 )  

    以有机改性后的十六烷基三甲基溴化铵柱撑蒙脱石(CTAB-MMT)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了Ni/MMT催化剂. 通过傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射、H2程序升温脱附、N2物理吸附以及紫外漫散射等物理化学手段对催化剂进行了表征;并结合微型高压反应釜萘加氢反应,评价了催化剂的加氢性能. 结果表明,有机改性显著改善了Ni/MMT催化剂的金属Ni分散度和织构性质,且所制催化剂表现出优异的萘加氢性能,Ni萘转化率达到88.2%,不仅远高于未处理催化剂(13.1%)和Al2O3柱撑处理催化剂(24.2%),而且高于Ni/SBA-15催化剂(68.2%). 鉴于CTAB有机柱撑体在催化剂还原过程因热解而消除,其对催化剂所起的作用主要发生于浸渍过程,提出了有机改性在浸渍过程对Ni/MMT催化剂的促进作用机制.

    紫外分光光度法表征Lipozyme TL IM脂肪酶转酯化活性
    付显锋, 郑建永, 应向贤, 鄢洪德, 汪钊
    2014, 35 (4):  553-559.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60053-X
    摘要 ( 325 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(493KB) ( 1180 )  

    建立了一种新的有机相脂肪酶转酯化活性测定方法. 以正己烷为溶剂,脂肪酶催化棕榈酸对硝基苯酯和正丁醇的转酯化反应为模型反应,通过测定反应液中310 nm下吸光值的变化计算反应转化率. 以气相色谱法对新建的紫外分光光度法进行验证,分别采用这两种方法测定了七种商品化脂肪酶的转酯化活性,两种方法所得实验结果基本一致. 利用紫外分光光度检测法考察了Lipozyme TL IM脂肪酶催化转酯化的时间进程及合成活性与酶量的关系,并对Lipozyme TL IM催化转酯化的性质(最适溶剂、酰基受体特异性、醇耐受性、最优反应温度和热力学稳定性)进行了表征.

    Cu-doped ZnO nanocrystalline powder catalyzed one-pot synthesis of fully substituted new indeno[1,2-b]pyridines at room temperature by a multi-component reaction
    Heshmatollah Alinezhad, Sahar Mohseni Tavakkoli, Pourya Biparva
    2014, 35 (4):  560-564.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60034-6
    摘要 ( 194 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(424KB) ( 592 )  

    Cu doped ZnO nanocrystalline powder (10 mol%) has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the one-pot multi-component synthesis of fully substituted new indeno[1,2-b]pyridines through a combination of 1,3-indandione, propiophenone or acetophenone derivatives, aromatic aldehydes, and ammonium acetate in ethanol/H2O at room temperature. The methodology is mild, efficient and high to excellent yielding.

    Simultaneous determination of the concentrations of isoproterenol, uric acid, and folic acid in solution using a novel nanostructure-based electrochemical sensor
    Mohammad Mazloum-Ardakani, Fariba Sabaghian, Alireza Khoshroo, Hossein Naeimi
    2014, 35 (4):  565-572.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60027-9
    摘要 ( 258 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(444KB) ( 645 )  

    A carbon paste electrode modified with 2-((7-(2,5-dihydrobenzylideneamino)heptylimino)methyl) benzene-1,4-diol (DHB) and carbon nanotubes were used to simultaneously determine the concentrations of isoproterenol (IP), uric acid (UA), and folic acid (FA) in solution. First, cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the redox properties of the modified electrode at various scan rates. Next, the mediated oxidation of IP at the modified electrode is described. At the optimum pH of 7.0, the oxidation of IP occurs at a potential about 90 mV less than that of an unmodified carbon paste electrode. Based on the results of differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), the oxidation of IP showed a dynamic range between 10 and 6000 μmol/L, and a detection limit of 1.24 μmol/L. Finally, DPV was used to simultaneously determine the concentrations of IP, UA, and FA in solution at the modified electrode.

    Condensation of 2-naphtol with arylaldehydes using acetic acid functionalized ionic liquids as highly efficient and reusable catalysts
    Ahmad Reza Moosavi-Zare, Mohammad Ali Zolfigol, Omid Khaledian, Vahid Khakyzadeh
    2014, 35 (4):  573-578.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60030-9
    摘要 ( 207 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(382KB) ( 732 )  

    An efficient solvent-free protocol for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthenes from the condensation of 2-naphthol with arylaldehydes, using acetic acid functionalized imidazolium salts (1-carboxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([cmmim]Br) and 1-carboxymethy1-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([cmmim]BF4) as reusable catalysts, has been developed. The turn over frequency on the catalysts is several times higher than the other previously reported catalysts. Also, thermal gravimetric analysis and powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the catalysts have been studied.

    气相中Co+催化N2O与C2H6循环反应催化剂活性的理论研究
    吴晶晶, 王永成, 蔡君, 金燕子, 王环江, 甘延珍
    2014, 35 (4):  579-589.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60037-1
    摘要 ( 285 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(652KB) ( 687 )  

    采用密度泛函理论UB3LYP方法对Co+在三重态及五重态势能面上催化N2O与C2H6进行循环反应的两态反应机理进行了研究. 运用Harvery方法优化了两自旋态势能面5个最低能量交叉点(MECP),计算了MECP处自旋-轨道耦合作用. 采用Landau-Zener公式计算了自旋翻转处的系间窜越几率,各MECP处均可发生有效系间窜越. 通过应用Kozuch提出的能量跨度模型,Co+催化N2O与C2H6在298K下反应生成CH3CHO时有最大的TOF值3.35×10-21 s-1.

    氢键的协同作用驱动水中苯甲醛的合成
    杨祖金, 纪红兵
    2014, 35 (4):  590-598.  DOI: 10.1016/S1872-2067(14)60056-5
    摘要 ( 343 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(643KB) ( 512 )  

    以环氧氯丙烷作为交联溶剂合成和表征了纤维素功能化的β-环糊精,考察了这种超分子聚合物作为一种多相催化剂用于苯甲醛的合成的催化性能. 结果表明,该催化剂在温和的反应条件下具有较高的催化活性和选择性,容易恢复和重新利用,且活性没有大的损失. 进一步研究指出,β-环糊精聚合物中的b-环糊精能通过非极性共价键与肉桂醛形成主客包结物,此外,β-环糊精和纤维素的功能基团能与肉桂醛通过O-H…O的氢键形成多重氢键的相互作用,这种氢键的协同作用明显提高了催化剂的性能.

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    作者引索
    2014, 35 (4):  599-599. 
    摘要 ( 128 )   [Full Text(HTML)] () PDF(228KB) ( 232 )